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Hispanic and Latino New Mexicans are residents of the state of New Mexico who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 47% of the state's population. The Hispanos of New Mexico are the descendants of the Spanish and Mexican colonists who settled the area of New Mexico and Southern Colorado. From 1598 to 1848, most Europeans who settled in New Mexico in order to colonize areas of it place were Spanish (and later Mexican). ==History== (詳細はJuan de Oñate came north from Mexico City to New Mexico with 500 Spanish settlers and soldiers and a livestock of 7,000 animals. They founded ''San Juan de los Caballeros'', the first Spanish settlement in what was called the Kingdom of New Mexico, after the Valley of Mexico.〔Simmons, Marc, ''The Last Conquistador'' Norman: U of OK Press, 1992, pp.96, 111〕 The mainland part of New Spain won independence from Spain in 1821 and New Mexico became part of the new nation of Mexico. After independence from Spain, the Spanish population began to mix somewhat with the indigenous populations. The new 'Mexican' élite attempted to create a common identity out of all the classes and different ethnicities. Nationalists attempted to establish equality, if only legally, between these different groups. The Spanish settlers of New Mexico and their descendants adapted to Mexican citizenship somewhat. In 1836, after the Republic of Texas gained independence, Texas claimed part of the Province of New Mexico, which was disputed by Mexico. In 1841, the Texians sent an expedition to occupy the area, but the expedition was captured by Mexican troops;〔Carroll, H. Bailey. ("Texan Santa Fe Expedition" ). ''Handbook of Texas Online''. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved May 29, 2011.〕 In January 1912, New Mexico became an American state, and Anglophones eventually became the majority population. The Neomexicanos became an economically disadvantaged population in the state, becoming virtual second-class citizens compared with the Anglos. The Neomexicanos suffered discrimination from Anglophone Americans, who also questioned the loyalty of these new American citizens. The cultures of Neomexicanos and immigrant Anglophones eventually mixed to some degree, as was the case with immigrants in other parts of the United States.〔Phillip Gonzales and Ann Massmann, "Loyalty Questioned: Neomexicanos in the Great War." ''Pacific Historical Review,'' Nov 2006, Vol. 75 Issue 4, pp 629-666〕〔Phillip B. Gonzales, "Spanish Heritage and Ethnic Protest in New Mexico: The Anti-Fraternity Bill of 1933," ''New Mexico Historical Review,'' Fall 1986, Vol. 61 Issue 4, pp 281-299〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hispanics and Latinos in New Mexico」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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